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Baroque

Baroque (pronounced /brok/ b-rohk in American English or /brk/ in British English) is an artistic style prevalent from the late 16th century to the early 18th century in Europe[1] It is most often defined as "the dominant style of art in Europe between the Mannerist and Rococo eras, a style characterized by dynamic movement, overt emotion and self-confident rhetoric"[2]The popularity and success of the Baroque style was encouraged by the Roman Catholic Church, which had decided at the time of the Council of Trent, in response to the Protestant Reformation, that the arts should communicate religious themes in direct and emotional involvement[3] The aristocracy also saw the dramatic style of Baroque architecture and art as a means of impressing visitors and expressing triumphant power and control Baroque palaces are built around an entrance of courts, grand staircases and reception rooms of sequentially increasing opulenceBeginning around the year 1600, the demands for new art resulted in what is now known as the Baroque The canon promulgated at the Council of Trent (154563) with which the Roman Catholic Church addressed the representational arts, rooted in the Protestant Reformation,[citation needed] by demanding that paintings and sculptures in church contexts should speak to the illiterate rather than to the well-informed, is customarily offered[weasel160;words] as an inspiration of the Baroque, which appeared, however, a generation laterThe appeal of Baroque style turned consciously from the witty, intellectual qualities of 16th century Mannerist art to a visceral appeal aimed at the senses It employed an iconography that was direct, simple, obvious, and dramatic Baroque art drew on certain broad and heroic tendencies in Annibale Carracci and his circle, and found inspiration in other artists such as Caravaggio, and Federico Barocci nowadays sometimes termed 'proto-Baroque'Seminal ideas of the Baroque can also be found in the work of Michelangelo and CorreggioSome general parallels in music make the expression "Baroque music" useful Contrasting phrase lengths, harmony and counterpoint ousted polyphony, and orchestral color made a stronger appearance (See Baroque music) Similar fascination with simple, strong, dramatic expression in poetry, where clear, broad syncopated rhythms replaced the enknotted elaborated metaphysical similes employed by Mannerists such as John Donne and imagery that was strongly influenced by visual developments in painting, can be sensed in John Milton's Paradise Lost, a Baroque epic[citation needed]Though Baroque was superseded in many centers by the Rococo style, beginning in France in the late 1720s, especially for interiors, paintings and the decorative arts, Baroque architecture remained a viable style until the advent of Neoclassicism in the later 18th centuryIn paintings, Baroque gestures are broader than Mannerist gestures: less ambiguous, less arcane and mysterious, more like the stage gestures of opera, a major Baroque artform Baroque poses depend on contrapposto ("counterpoise"), the tension within the figures that moves the planes of shoulders and hips in counterdirections It made the sculptures almost seem like they were about to moveThe drier, chastened, less dramatic and coloristic, later stages of 18th century Baroque architectural style are often seen as a separate Late Baroque manifestation (See Claude Perrault) Academic characteristics in the neo-Palladian architectural style, epitomized by William Kent, are a parallel development in Britain and the British colonies: within interiors, Kent's furniture designs are vividly influenced by the Baroque furniture of Rome and Genoa, hierarchical tectonic sculptural elements, meant never to be moved from their positions, completed the wall decoratio Baroque is a style of unity imposed upon rich, heavy detailArt historians, often Protestant ones,[weasel160;words] have traditionally emphasized that the Baroque style evolved during a time in which the Roman Catholic Church had to react against the many revolutionary cultural movements that produced a new science and new forms of religionthe Reformation It has been said[weasel160;words] that the monumental Baroque is a style that could give the papacy, like secular absolute monarchies, a formal, imposing way of expression that could restore its prestige, at the point of becoming somehow symbolic of the Catholic Reformation

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Whether this is the case or not, it was successfully developed in Rome, where Baroque architecture widely renewed the central areas with perhaps the most important urbanistic revision during this period of time[citation needed]A defining statement of what Baroque signifies in painting is provided by the series of paintings executed by Peter Paul Rubens for Marie de Medici at the Luxembourg Palace in Paris (now at the Louvre),[4] in which a Catholic painter satisfied a Catholic patron: Baroque-era conceptions of monarchy, iconography, handling of paint, and compositions as well as the depiction of space and movementThere were highly diverse strands of Italian Baroque painting, from Caravaggio to Cortona; both approaching emotive dynamism with different styles


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Baroque - Oil Paintings Art Gallery Maria D'Adam