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Baroque

The Baroque is a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, literature, dance, and music The style started around 1600 in Rome, Italy and spread to most of Europe[1]The popularity and success of the Baroque style was encouraged by the Roman Catholic Church, which had decided at the time of the Council of Trent, in response to the Protestant Reformation, that the arts should communicate religious themes in direct and emotional involvement[2] The aristocracy also saw the dramatic style of Baroque architecture and art as a means of impressing visitors and expressing triumphant power and control Baroque palaces are built around an entrance of courts, grand staircases and reception rooms of sequentially increasing opulenceAccording to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word Baroque is derived from the Portuguese word "barroco", Spanish "barroco", or French "Baroque", all of which refer to a "rough or imperfect pearl", though whether it entered those languages via Latin, Arabic, or some other source is uncertain[3] A century ago, the Encyclopidia Britannica 11th edition, thought the term was derived from the Spanish barrueco, a large, irregularly-shaped pearl, and it was for a time confined to the craft of the jeweller[4] Others derive it from the mnemonic term "Baroco" denoting, in logical Scholastica, a supposedly laboured form of syllogism[5]In informal usage, the word Baroque can simply mean that something is "elaborate", with many details, without reference to the Baroque styles of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuriesThe word "Baroque", like most periodic or stylistic designations, was invented by later critics rather than practitioners of the arts in the 17th and early 18th centuries It is a French transliteration of the Portuguese phrase "pirola barroca", which means "irregular pearl", and natural pearls that deviate from the usual, regular forms so they do not have an axis of rotation are known as "Baroque pearls"[citation needed]The term "Baroque" was initially used with a derogatory meaning, to underline the excesses of its emphasis In particular, the term was used to describe its eccentric redundancy and noisy abundance of details, which sharply contrasted the clear and sober rationality of the Renaissance Although it was long thought that the word as a critical term was first applied to architecture, in fact it appears earlier in reference to music, in an anonymous, satirical review of the premiire in October 1733 of Jean-Philippe Rameau's Hippolyte et Aricie, printed in the Mercure de France in May 1734 The critic implied that the novelty in this opera was "du barocque", complaining that the music lacked coherent melody, was filled with unremitting dissonances, constantly changed key and meter, and speedily ran through every compositional device[6]The word was first rehabilitated by the Swiss-born art historian, Heinrich Wilfflin (18641945) in his Renaissance und Barock (1888); Wilfflin identified the Baroque as "movement imported into mass," an art antithetic to Renaissance art He did not make the distinctions between Mannerism and Baroque that modern writers do, and he ignored the later phase, the academic Baroque that lasted into the 18th century Writers in French and English did not begin to treat Baroque as a respectable study until Wilfflin's influence had made German scholarship pre-eminent[citation needed]Expressionism is often compared to Baroque[7] A difference between the two is that "Expressionism doesn't shun from the violently unpleasant effect, while Baroque does Expressionism throws some terrific 'fuck you's, Baroque doesn't Baroque is well-mannered"[8]Beginning around the year 1600, the demands for new art resulted in what is now known as the BaroqueSeminal ideas of the Baroque can also be found in the work of Michelangelo and CorreggioSome general parallels in music make the expression "Baroque music" useful

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Contrasting phrase lengths, harmony and counterpoint ousted polyphony, and orchestral color made a stronger appearance (See Baroque music)Though Baroque was superseded in many centers by the Rococo style, beginning in France in the late 1720s, especially for interiors, paintings and the decorative arts, Baroque architecture remained a viable style until the advent of Neoclassicism in the later 18th century


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