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Impressionism

Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement that began as a loose association of Paris-based artists whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence in the 1870s and 1880s The name of the movement is derived from the title of a Claude Monet work, Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant), which provoked the critic Louis Leroy to coin the term in a satiric review published in Le CharivariCharacteristics of Impressionist paintings include relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on the accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, the inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles The emergence of Impressionism in the visual arts was soon followed by analogous movements in other media which became known as Impressionist music and Impressionist literatureImpressionism also describes art created in this style, but outside of the late 19th century time periodRadicals in their time, early Impressionists broke the rules of academic painting They began by giving colours, freely brushed, primacy over line, drawing inspiration from the work of painters such as Eugine Delacroix They also took the act of painting out of the studio and into the modern world Previously, still lifes and portraits as well as landscapes had usually been painted indoors[1] The Impressionists found that they could capture the momentary and transient effects of sunlight by painting en plein air Painting realistic scenes of modern life, they portrayed overall visual effects instead of details They used short "broken" brush strokes of mixed and pure unmixed colour, not smoothly blended or shaded, as was customary, in order to achieve the effect of intense colour vibrationAlthough the rise of Impressionism in France happened at a time when a number of other painters, including the Italian artists known as the Macchiaioli, and Winslow Homer in the United States, were also exploring plein-air painting, the Impressionists developed new techniques that were specific to the movement Encompassing what its adherents argued was a different way of seeing, it was an art of immediacy and movement, of candid poses and compositions, of the play of light expressed in a bright and varied use of colourThe public, at first hostile, gradually came to believe that the Impressionists had captured a fresh and original vision, even if it did not receive the approval of the art critics and establishmentBy re-creating the sensation in the eye that views the subject, rather than recreating the subject, and by creating a welter of techniques and forms, Impressionism became a precursor seminal to various movements in painting which would follow, including Neo-Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Fauvism, and CubismIn an atmosphere of change as Emperor Napoleon III rebuilt Paris and waged war, the Acadimie des Beaux-Arts dominated the French art scene in the middle of the 19th century The Acadimie was the upholder of traditional standards for French painting, both in content and style Historical subjects, religious themes, and portraits were valued (landscape and still life were not), and the Acadimie preferred carefully finished images which mirrored reality when examined closely Colour was somber and conservative, and the traces of brush strokes were suppressed, concealing the artist's personality, emotions, and working techniquesThe Acadimie held an annual, juried art show, the Salon de Paris, and artists whose work displayed in the show won prizes, garnered commissions, and enhanced their prestige The standards of the juries reflected the values of the Acadimie, represented by the highly polished works of such artists as Jean-Lion Girime and Alexandre Cabanel

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Some younger artists painted in a lighter and brighter manner than painters of the preceding generation, extending further the realism of Gustave Courbet and the Barbizon school They were more interested in painting landscape and contemporary life than in recreating scenes from history Each year, they submitted their art to the Salon, only to see the juries reject their best efforts in favour of trivial works by artists working in the approved style


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Impressionism - Oil Paintings Art Gallery Maria D'Adam