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Minimalism

Minimalism describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is set out to expose the essence, essentials or identity of a subject through eliminating all non-essential forms, features or concepts As a specific movement in the arts it is identified with developments in postWorld War II Western Art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s Prominent artists associated with this movement include Donald Judd, John McCracken, Agnes Martin, Dan Flavin, Robert Morris, Anne Truitt, and Frank Stella It is rooted in the reductive aspects of Modernism, and is often interpreted as a reaction against Abstract expressionism and a bridge to Postminimal art practicesThe terms have expanded to encompass a movement in music which features repetition and iteration, as in the compositions of La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, Philip Glass, and John Adams Minimalist compositions are sometimes known as systems musicThe term "minimalist" is often applied colloquially to designate anything which is spare or stripped to its essentials It has also been used to describe the plays and novels of Samuel Beckett, the films of Robert Bresson, the stories of Raymond Carver, and even the automobile designs of Colin Chapman The word was first used in English in the early 20th century to describe the Mensheviks[1]The term Minimalism is also used to describe a trend in design and architecture where in the subject is reduced to its necessary elements Minimalist design has been highly influenced by Japanese traditional design and architecture In addition, the work of De Stijl artists is a major source of reference for this kind of work De Stijl expanded the ideas that could be expressed by using basic elements such as lines and planes organized in very particular mannersArchitect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe adopted the motto "Less is more" to describe his aesthetic tactic of arranging the numerous necessary components of a building to create an impression of extreme simplicity, by enlisting every element and detail to serve multiple visual and functional purposes (such as designing a floor to also serve as the radiator, or a massive fireplace to also house the bathroom) Designer Buckminster Fuller adopted the engineer's goal of "Doing more with less", but his concerns were oriented towards technology and engineering rather than aesthetics A similar sentiment was industrial designer Dieter Rams' motto, "Less but better" adapted from Mies The structure uses relatively simple elegant designs; ornamentations are quality rather than quantity[dubious discuss] The structure's beauty is also determined by playing with lighting, using the basic geometric shapes as outlines, using only a single shape or a small number of like shapes for components for design unity, using tasteful non-fussy bright color combinations, usually natural textures and colors, and clean and fine finishes Using sometimes the beauty of natural patterns on stone cladding and real wood encapsulated within ordered simplified structures, and real metal producing a simplified but prestigious architecture and interior design May use color brightness balance and contrast between surface colors to improve visual aesthetics The structure would usually have industrial and space age style utilities (lamps, stoves, stairs, technology, etc), neat and straight components (like walls or stairs) that appear to be machined with machines, flat or nearly flat roofs, pleasing negative spaces, and large windows to let in lots of sunlight This and science fiction may have contributed to the late twentieth century futuristic architecture design, and modern home decor Modern minimalist home architecture with its unnecessary internal walls removed probably have led to the popularity of the open plan kitchen and living room styleAnother modern master who exemplifies reductivist ideas is Luis Barragtn In Minimalism, the architectural designers pay special attention to the connection between perfect planes, elegant lighting, and careful consideration of the void spaces left by the removal of three-dimensional shapes from an architectural design The more attractive looking minimalist home designs are not truly minimalist, because these use more expensive building materials and finishes, and are relatively largerContemporary architects working in this tradition include John Pawson, Eduardo Souto de Moura, ilvaro Siza Vieira, Tadao Ando, Alberto Campo Baeza, Yoshio Taniguchi, Peter Zumthor, Hugh Newell Jacobsen, Vincent Van Duysen, Claudio Silvestrin, Michael Gabellini, and Richard Gluckman[2]The term Minimalism is a trend from early 19th century and gradually became an important movement in response to the over decorated design of the previous period Minimalist architecture became popular in the late 1980s in London and New York,[3] where architects and fashion designers worked together in the boutiques to achieve simplicity, using white elements, cold lighting, large space with minimum objects and furniture Minimalist architecture simplifies living space to reveal the essential quality of buildings and conveys simplicity in attitudes toward life It is highly inspired from the Japanese traditional design and the concept of Zen philosophyThe concept of minimalist architecture is to strip everything down to its essential quality and achieve simplicity[4] The idea is not completely without ornamentation,[5] but that all parts, details and joinery are considered as reduced to a stage where no one can remove anything further to improve the design[6]The considerations for essences are light, form, detail of material, space, place and human condition[7] Minimalist architects not only consider the physical qualities of the building

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Moreover, they look deeply into the spiritual dimension and the invisible, by listening to the figure and paying attention to the details, people, space, nature and materials[8] Which reveals the abstract quality of something that is invisible and search for the essence from those invisible qualities Such as natural light, sky, earth and air


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