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Oil painting

Oil painting is the process of painting with pigments that are bound with a medium of drying oilespecially in early modern Europe, linseed oil Often an oil such as linseed was boiled with a resin such as pine resin or even frankincense; these were called 'varnishes' and were prized for their body and gloss Other oils occasionally used include poppyseed oil, walnut oil, and safflower oil These oils confer various properties to the oil paint, such as less yellowing or different drying times Certain differences are also visible in the sheen of the paints depending on the oil Painters often use different oils in the same painting depending on specific pigments and effects desired The paints themselves also develop a particular consistency depending on the mediumAlthough oil paint was first used for the Buddhist Paintings by Indian and Chinese painters in western Afghanistan sometime between the fifth and ninth centuries,[citation needed] it did not gain popularity until the 15th century Its practice may have migrated westward during the Middle Ages Oil paint eventually became the principal medium used for creating artworks as its advantages became widely known The transition began with Early Netherlandish painting in northern Europe, and by the height of the Renaissance Oil painting techniques had almost completely replaced tempera paints in the majority of EuropeIn recent years, water miscible oil paint has come to prominence, to some extent replacing the usage of traditional oils Water soluble paints contain an emulsifier which allows them to be thinned with water (rather than with paint thinner), and allows very fast drying times (13 days) when compared with traditional oils (13 weeks)Traditional Oil painting techniques often begin with the artist sketching the subject onto the canvas with charcoal or thinned paint Oil paint is usually mixed with linseed oil, artist grade mineral spirits or other solvents to create a thinner, faster or slower drying paint Because these solvents thin the oil in the paint, they can also be used to clean paint brushes A basic rule of oil paint application is 'fat over lean' This means that each additional layer of paint should contain more oil than the layer below to allow proper drying If each additional layer contains less oil, the final painting will crack and peel There are many other media that can be used in Oil painting, including cold wax, resins, and varnishes

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These additional media can aid the painter in adjusting the translucency of the paint, the sheen of the paint, the density or 'body' of the paint, and the ability of the paint to hold or conceal the brushstroke These variables are closely related to the expressive capacity of oil paintTraditionally, paint was transferred to the painting surface using paint brushes, but there are other methods, including using palette knives and rags


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